2024 Fine tuning

This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.Tip #1: Evaluate often. The standard machine learning workflow amounts to training a certain number of models on training data, picking the preferred model on a validation set and evaluating its final performance on a test set. G iven this workflow, training more models naturally leads to higher expected performance of the best model and ...This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. This webinar is about Fine tuning Chat GPT-3 for specific industries (and several use cases). Chat GPT-3 is a deep learning model developed by OpenAI that can generate text for tasks such as summarization and question answering. The model can be fine-tuned to improve accuracy and performance by training on specific data sets.The cost of fine-tuning a model is 50% of the cost of the model being fine-tuned. The current fine-tuning rates for GPT-3 models vary based on the specific model being fine-tuned, similar to the ...Fine-tuning for the stylistic continuation tasks is sample efficient: 5,000 human samples suffice for strong performance according to humans. For summarization, models trained with 60,000 comparisons learn to copy whole sentences from the input while skipping irrelevant preamble; this copying is an easy way to ensure accurate summaries, but may ...This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.Synonyms for FINE-TUNING: adjusting, regulating, putting, matching, adapting, tuning, modeling, shaping; Antonyms of FINE-TUNING: misadjusting Jan 31, 2021 · Fine-Tune for Any Language. With NERDAyou can also fine-tune a transformer for any language e.g. using your own data set with ease. To fine-tune a transformer for NER in Danish, we can utilize the DaNE data set consisting of Danish sentences with NER annotations. All you would have to change in the former code example to achieve this is simply: TL;DR. This link provides the code repository that contains two readily downloadable fine-tuned GPT-2 weights, a quick start guide of how to customize Autocoder, and a list of future pointers to this project. Although this blog looks like a technical introduction to Autocoder, I also by the way talk about a lot of relevant stuff, such as nice work, status quo, and future directions in NLP.Apr 5, 2019 · Fine-tuning doesn't need to imply a fine-tuner, but rather that there was a physical mechanism underlying why something appears finely-tuned today. The effect may look like an unlikely coincidence ... Fine-Tuning First published Tue Aug 22, 2017; substantive revision Fri Nov 12, 2021 The term “ fine-tuning ” is used to characterize sensitive dependences of facts or properties on the values of certain parameters. Technological devices are paradigmatic examples of fine-tuning.Sep 1, 1998 · To further develop the core version of the fine-tuning argument, we will summarize the argument by explicitly listing its two premises and its conclusion: Premise 1. The existence of the fine-tuning is not improbable under theism. Premise 2. The existence of the fine-tuning is very improbable under the atheistic single-universe hypothesis. Part #3: Fine-tuning with Keras and Deep Learning (today’s post) I would strongly encourage you to read the previous two tutorials in the series if you haven’t yet — understanding the concept of transfer learning, including performing feature extraction via a pre-trained CNN, will better enable you to understand (and appreciate) fine-tuning.fine-tuned: [adjective] precisely adjusted for the highest level of performance, efficiency, or effectiveness. Background: Parameter-efficient Fine tuning With standard fine-tuning, we need to make a new copy of the model for each task. In the extreme case of a different model per user, we could never store 1000 different full models. If we fine tuned a subset of the parameters for each task, we could alleviate storage costs. This isThe fine-tuning argument is a modern, up-to-date version of this argument. It takes off from something that serious physicists, religious or not, tend to agree on. Here’s how Freeman Dyson put it: "There are many . . . lucky accidents in physics. Without such accidents, water could not exist as liquid, chains of carbon atoms could not form ...The v1-finetune.yaml file is meant for object-based fine-tuning. For style-based fine-tuning, you should use v1-finetune_style.yaml as the config file. Recommend to create a backup of the config files in case you messed up the configuration. The default configuration requires at least 20GB VRAM for training.32. Finetuning means taking weights of a trained neural network and use it as initialization for a new model being trained on data from the same domain (often e.g. images). It is used to: speed up the training. overcome small dataset size. There are various strategies, such as training the whole initialized network or "freezing" some of the pre ...Fine-Tuning — Dive into Deep Learning 1.0.3 documentation. 14.2. Fine-Tuning. In earlier chapters, we discussed how to train models on the Fashion-MNIST training dataset with only 60000 images. We also described ImageNet, the most widely used large-scale image dataset in academia, which has more than 10 million images and 1000 objects ...Meanwhile, the fine-tuning is just as easily explained by postulating God, and we have independent evidence for God’s existence, like the origin of biological information, the sudden appearance of animal body plans, the argument from consciousness, and so on. Even if the naturalists could explain the fine-tuning, they would still have a lot ...Training Overview ¶. Training Overview. Each task is unique, and having sentence / text embeddings tuned for that specific task greatly improves the performance. SentenceTransformers was designed in such way that fine-tuning your own sentence / text embeddings models is easy. It provides most of the building blocks that you can stick together ...The key takeaways are: Prompting and fine-tuning can both be used to condition language models. Prompting is quite restricted in the kinds of conditionals it can achieve. Fine-tuning can implement arbitrary conditionals in principle, though not in practice. In practice fine-tuning can still implement more kinds of conditionals than prompting.This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.fine-tuning meaning: 1. present participle of fine-tune 2. to make very small changes to something in order to make it…. Learn more.The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "fine tune", 4 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue.This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.Aug 23, 2022 · In this article, we will be fine tuning the YOLOv7 object detection model on a real-world pothole detection dataset. Benchmarked on the COCO dataset, the YOLOv7 tiny model achieves more than 35% mAP and the YOLOv7 (normal) model achieves more than 51% mAP. It is also equally important that we get good results when fine tuning such a state-of ... Tip #1: Evaluate often. The standard machine learning workflow amounts to training a certain number of models on training data, picking the preferred model on a validation set and evaluating its final performance on a test set. G iven this workflow, training more models naturally leads to higher expected performance of the best model and ...Fine-tuning a pre-trained language model (LM) has become the de facto standard for doing transfer learning in natural language processing. Over the last three years (Ruder, 2018), fine-tuning (Howard & Ruder, 2018) has superseded the use of feature extraction of pre-trained embeddings (Peters et al., 2018) while pre-trained language models are favoured over models trained on translation ...You can customize GPT-3 for your application with one command and use it immediately in our API: openai api fine_tunes.create -t. See how. It takes less than 100 examples to start seeing the benefits of fine-tuning GPT-3 and performance continues to improve as you add more data. In research published last June, we showed how fine-tuning with ...Aug 30, 2023 · 3. You can now start fine-tuning the model with the following command: accelerate launch scripts/finetune.py EvolCodeLlama-7b.yaml. If everything is configured correctly, you should be able to train the model in a little more than one hour (it took me 1h 11m 44s). This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. Feb 24, 2021 · Fine-tuning a pre-trained language model (LM) has become the de facto standard for doing transfer learning in natural language processing. Over the last three years (Ruder, 2018), fine-tuning (Howard & Ruder, 2018) has superseded the use of feature extraction of pre-trained embeddings (Peters et al., 2018) while pre-trained language models are favoured over models trained on translation ... A last, optional step, is fine-tuning, which consists of unfreezing the entire model you obtained above (or part of it), and re-training it on the new data with a very low learning rate. This can potentially achieve meaningful improvements, by incrementally adapting the pretrained features to the new data.Feb 14, 2023 · Fine-tuning CLIP. To improve CLIP’s performance on the extraction of product features, we fine-tuned CLIP for the domain of product images. In order to fine-tune CLIP, multiple tests were done ... fine-tuning meaning: 1. present participle of fine-tune 2. to make very small changes to something in order to make it…. Learn more. Steven Heidel. Fine-tuning for GPT-3.5 Turbo is now available, with fine-tuning for GPT-4 coming this fall. This update gives developers the ability to customize models that perform better for their use cases and run these custom models at scale. Early tests have shown a fine-tuned version of GPT-3.5 Turbo can match, or even outperform, base ...Fine-tuning improves on few-shot learning by training on many more examples than can fit in the prompt, letting you achieve better results on a wide number of tasks. Once a model has been fine-tuned, you won't need to provide as many examples in the prompt. This saves costs and enables lower-latency requests.The v1-finetune.yaml file is meant for object-based fine-tuning. For style-based fine-tuning, you should use v1-finetune_style.yaml as the config file. Recommend to create a backup of the config files in case you messed up the configuration. The default configuration requires at least 20GB VRAM for training.Fine-Tuning First published Tue Aug 22, 2017; substantive revision Fri Nov 12, 2021 The term “ fine-tuning ” is used to characterize sensitive dependences of facts or properties on the values of certain parameters. Technological devices are paradigmatic examples of fine-tuning.Let’s see how we can do this on the fly during fine-tuning using a special data collator. Fine-tuning DistilBERT with the Trainer API Fine-tuning a masked language model is almost identical to fine-tuning a sequence classification model, like we did in Chapter 3. The only difference is that we need a special data collator that can randomly ...Simply put, the idea is to supervise the fine-tuning process with the model’s own generated samples of the class noun. In practice, this means having the model fit our images and the images sampled from the visual prior of the non-fine-tuned class simultaneously. These prior-preserving images are sampled and labeled using the [class noun ...The v1-finetune.yaml file is meant for object-based fine-tuning. For style-based fine-tuning, you should use v1-finetune_style.yaml as the config file. Recommend to create a backup of the config files in case you messed up the configuration. The default configuration requires at least 20GB VRAM for training.Let’s see how we can do this on the fly during fine-tuning using a special data collator. Fine-tuning DistilBERT with the Trainer API Fine-tuning a masked language model is almost identical to fine-tuning a sequence classification model, like we did in Chapter 3. The only difference is that we need a special data collator that can randomly ... Fine-tuning CLIP. To improve CLIP’s performance on the extraction of product features, we fine-tuned CLIP for the domain of product images. In order to fine-tune CLIP, multiple tests were done ...Feb 14, 2023 · Set Up Summary. I fine-tuned the base davinci model for many different n_epochs values, and, for those who want to know the bottom line and not read the entire tutorial and examples, the “bottom line” is that if you set your n_epochs value high enough (and your JSONL data is properly formatted), you can get great results fine-tuning even with a single-line JSONL file! fine-tune meaning: 1. to make very small changes to something in order to make it work as well as possible: 2. to…. Learn more. Along with your theory, I'm also testing something that's inspired by Dreambooth, which involves unfreezing the model and fine tuning it that way. Instead of doing this, I'm keeping the model frozen (default settings with * placeholder), but mixing in two template strings of a {<placeholder>} and the other as a <class> .Nov 15, 2022 · This tutorial focuses on how to fine-tune Stable Diffusion using another method called Dreambooth. Unlike textual inversion method which train just the embedding without modification to the base model, Dreambooth fine-tune the whole text-to-image model such that it learns to bind a unique identifier with a specific concept (object or style). As ... Step 1: Initialise pretrained model and tokenizer. Sample dataset that the code is based on. In the code above, the data used is a IMDB movie sentiments dataset. The data allows us to train a model to detect the sentiment of the movie review- 1 being positive while 0 being negative.Along with your theory, I'm also testing something that's inspired by Dreambooth, which involves unfreezing the model and fine tuning it that way. Instead of doing this, I'm keeping the model frozen (default settings with * placeholder), but mixing in two template strings of a {<placeholder>} and the other as a <class> .In this tutorial you learned how to fine-tune ResNet with Keras and TensorFlow. Fine-tuning is the process of: Taking a pre-trained deep neural network (in this case, ResNet) Removing the fully-connected layer head from the network. Placing a new, freshly initialized layer head on top of the body of the network.Fine-tuning MobileNet on a custom data set with TensorFlow's Keras API. In this episode, we'll be building on what we've learned about MobileNet combined with the techniques we've used for fine-tuning to fine-tune MobileNet for a custom image data set. When we previously demonstrated the idea of fine-tuning in earlier episodes, we used the cat ... Dec 18, 2020 · List of Fine-Tuning Parameters. Jay Richards, PhD. Science. “Fine-tuning” refers to various features of the universe that are necessary conditions for the existence of complex life. Such features include the initial conditions and “brute facts” of the universe as a whole, the laws of nature or the numerical constants present in those ... This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. Fine-tuning CLIP. To improve CLIP’s performance on the extraction of product features, we fine-tuned CLIP for the domain of product images. In order to fine-tune CLIP, multiple tests were done ...Fine-tuning in NLP refers to the procedure of re-training a pre-trained language model using your own custom data. As a result of the fine-tuning procedure, the weights of the original model are updated to account for the characteristics of the domain data and the task you are interested in. Image By Author.Feb 24, 2021 · Fine-tuning a pre-trained language model (LM) has become the de facto standard for doing transfer learning in natural language processing. Over the last three years (Ruder, 2018), fine-tuning (Howard & Ruder, 2018) has superseded the use of feature extraction of pre-trained embeddings (Peters et al., 2018) while pre-trained language models are favoured over models trained on translation ... If you provide this file, the data is used to generate validation metrics periodically during fine-tuning. These metrics can be viewed in the fine-tuning results file. The same data should not be present in both train and validation files. Your dataset must be formatted as a JSONL file. You must upload your file with the purpose fine-tune.Fine-Tuning: Unfreeze a few of the top layers of a frozen model base and jointly train both the newly-added classifier layers and the last layers of the base model. This allows us to "fine-tune" the higher-order feature representations in the base model in order to make them more relevant for the specific task.There are three main workflows for using deep learning within ArcGIS: Inferencing with existing, pretrained deep learning packages (dlpks) Fine-tuning an existing model. Training a deep learning model from scratch. For a detailed guide on the first workflow, using the pretrained models, see Deep Learning with ArcGIS Pro Tips & Tricks Part 2.Fine-tuning CLIP. To improve CLIP’s performance on the extraction of product features, we fine-tuned CLIP for the domain of product images. In order to fine-tune CLIP, multiple tests were done ...persuaded by additional examples of fine-tuning. In addition to initial conditions, there are a number of other, well-known features about the universe that are apparently just brute facts. And these too exhibit a high degree of fine-tuning. Among the fine-tuned (apparently) “brute facts” of nature are the following: Jan 4, 2022 · The fine-tuning argument is a specific application of the teleological argument for the existence of God. A teleological argument seeks to demonstrate that the appearance of purpose or design is itself evidence of a designer. The counter to such a claim suggests that what “appears” to be designed is simply random coincidence. Fine-tuning may refer to: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning (physics) See also Tuning (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Fine-tuning. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Fine tuning is a process of adjusting the neural network weights to better fit the training data. This can be done by increasing or decreasing the learning rate, or by changing the network architecture. Fine tuning is often used to improve the performance of a neural network on a specific task or dataset.This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. fine-tune definition: 1. to make very small changes to something in order to make it work as well as possible: 2. to…. Learn more.Fine tuning is a metaphor derived from music and mechanics that is used to describe apparently improbable combinations of attributes governing physical systems. The term is commonly applied to the idea that our universe’s fundamental physical constants are uniquely and inexplicably suited to the evolution of intelligent life.And this is the code for fine-tuning and resuming from the last epoch: # Train the model again for a few epochs fine_tune_epochs = 5 total_epochs = initial_epochs + fine_tune_epochs history_tuned = model.fit (train_set, validation_data = dev_set, initial_epoch=history.epoch [-1], epochs=total_epochs,verbose=1, callbacks=callbacks) The problem ...Apr 9, 2023 · The process of transfer learning involves using a pre-trained model as a starting point, and fine-tuning involves further training the pre-trained model on the new task by updating its weights. By leveraging the knowledge gained through transfer learning and fine-tuning, the training process can be improved and made faster compared to starting ... Apr 27, 2020 · In this tutorial you learned how to fine-tune ResNet with Keras and TensorFlow. Fine-tuning is the process of: Taking a pre-trained deep neural network (in this case, ResNet) Removing the fully-connected layer head from the network. Placing a new, freshly initialized layer head on top of the body of the network. Apr 5, 2019 · Fine-tuning doesn't need to imply a fine-tuner, but rather that there was a physical mechanism underlying why something appears finely-tuned today. The effect may look like an unlikely coincidence ... persuaded by additional examples of fine-tuning. In addition to initial conditions, there are a number of other, well-known features about the universe that are apparently just brute facts. And these too exhibit a high degree of fine-tuning. Among the fine-tuned (apparently) “brute facts” of nature are the following: persuaded by additional examples of fine-tuning. In addition to initial conditions, there are a number of other, well-known features about the universe that are apparently just brute facts. And these too exhibit a high degree of fine-tuning. Among the fine-tuned (apparently) “brute facts” of nature are the following:This tutorial focuses on how to fine-tune Stable Diffusion using another method called Dreambooth. Unlike textual inversion method which train just the embedding without modification to the base model, Dreambooth fine-tune the whole text-to-image model such that it learns to bind a unique identifier with a specific concept (object or style). As ...The process of transfer learning involves using a pre-trained model as a starting point, and fine-tuning involves further training the pre-trained model on the new task by updating its weights. By leveraging the knowledge gained through transfer learning and fine-tuning, the training process can be improved and made faster compared to starting ...The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "fine tune", 4 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue.Part #3: Fine-tuning with Keras and Deep Learning (today’s post) I would strongly encourage you to read the previous two tutorials in the series if you haven’t yet — understanding the concept of transfer learning, including performing feature extraction via a pre-trained CNN, will better enable you to understand (and appreciate) fine-tuning.This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.

This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. . How much do trader joe

fine-tuning meaning: 1. present participle of fine-tune 2. to make very small changes to something in order to make it…. Learn more.Fine-Tuning — Dive into Deep Learning 1.0.3 documentation. 14.2. Fine-Tuning. In earlier chapters, we discussed how to train models on the Fashion-MNIST training dataset with only 60000 images. We also described ImageNet, the most widely used large-scale image dataset in academia, which has more than 10 million images and 1000 objects ... This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. 3. You can now start fine-tuning the model with the following command: accelerate launch scripts/finetune.py EvolCodeLlama-7b.yaml. If everything is configured correctly, you should be able to train the model in a little more than one hour (it took me 1h 11m 44s).fine-tuning meaning: 1. present participle of fine-tune 2. to make very small changes to something in order to make it…. Learn more.This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.fine-tuning meaning: 1. present participle of fine-tune 2. to make very small changes to something in order to make it…. Learn more.This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.And this is the code for fine-tuning and resuming from the last epoch: # Train the model again for a few epochs fine_tune_epochs = 5 total_epochs = initial_epochs + fine_tune_epochs history_tuned = model.fit (train_set, validation_data = dev_set, initial_epoch=history.epoch [-1], epochs=total_epochs,verbose=1, callbacks=callbacks) The problem ...Apr 19, 2020 · Tip #1: Evaluate often. The standard machine learning workflow amounts to training a certain number of models on training data, picking the preferred model on a validation set and evaluating its final performance on a test set. G iven this workflow, training more models naturally leads to higher expected performance of the best model and ... Fine-Tuning — Dive into Deep Learning 1.0.3 documentation. 14.2. Fine-Tuning. In earlier chapters, we discussed how to train models on the Fashion-MNIST training dataset with only 60000 images. We also described ImageNet, the most widely used large-scale image dataset in academia, which has more than 10 million images and 1000 objects ... This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. GitHub - bwconrad/vit-finetune: Fine-tuning Vision ...The fine-tuning argument is a modern, up-to-date version of this argument. It takes off from something that serious physicists, religious or not, tend to agree on. Here’s how Freeman Dyson put it: "There are many . . . lucky accidents in physics. Without such accidents, water could not exist as liquid, chains of carbon atoms could not form ...Fine-Tuning First published Tue Aug 22, 2017; substantive revision Fri Nov 12, 2021 The term “ fine-tuning ” is used to characterize sensitive dependences of facts or properties on the values of certain parameters. Technological devices are paradigmatic examples of fine-tuning.This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. Fine-tuning may refer to: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning (physics) See also Tuning (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Fine-tuning. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.History. In 1913, the chemist Lawrence Joseph Henderson wrote The Fitness of the Environment, one of the first books to explore fine tuning in the universe. Henderson discusses the importance of water and the environment to living things, pointing out that life depends entirely on Earth's very specific environmental conditions, especially the prevalence and properties of water..

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